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PanamaCitizenshipLast checked October 17, 2026

Naturalisation

Carta de Naturaleza

Under Article 10 of Panama's Constitution, foreigners with five consecutive years of residence (three years if they have children born in Panama or a Panamanian spouse) can apply for Panamanian nationality through a lawyer, addressed to the President. Applicants must renounce their previous nationality, show Spanish and basic knowledge of Panama's geography, history and political organisation, and pass a Tribunal Electoral knowledge exam unless exempt. Nationals of Spain and Latin American countries may apply under reciprocity.

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1 entry rule for Panama based on recent travel

These apply to people who were recently in certain countries. Sign in and add your trips to see whether any apply to you.

Life in Panama

Money

3

Currency

Panamanian Balboa

PAB

Panamanian Balboa

Cost of living

50

Price level · US = 100

World Bank price levels, 2025

Tax

15–25%

Income tax (national)

ITBMS (VAT) 7%

Annual taxable income up to USD 11,000 exempt; 15% to USD 50,000; 25% above.

Official rates, 2026 · headline only

Living

1

Happiness

6.5

#37 of 145 countries

World Happiness Report 2025

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Dual citizenship for you Members

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Who it’s for

Permanent residents of Panama who meet the residence period.

Eligibility

  • Residence

    You need five consecutive years of residence and a permanent resident card.

    Five consecutive years

    Residence required · Constitution Art. 10(1)

    Official wording

    Five consecutive years of residence (Constitution Art. 10(1)); permanent resident card required.

  • Shorter routeFamily of Panamanians

    A shorter residence period of three consecutive years applies if you have children born in Panama of a Panamanian parent, or a Panamanian spouse.

    Three consecutive years

    Residence required · Art. 10(2)

    Official wording

    Three consecutive years for those with children born in Panama of a Panamanian parent, or with a Panamanian spouse (Art. 10(2)).

  • ReciprocitySpain / Latin America

    Nationals by birth of Spain or a Latin American state, under the same conditions their country applies to Panamanians (Art. 10(3)).

A sneak peek at what's inside

  • Next requirementRenunciation
  • Document checklistPower of attorney and application via a lawyer, addressed to the President
  • FeesStamps for sworn statement

The full requirements are for members

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  • 3 more requirements
  • 7 documents
  • 4 fees
  • 6 steps
  • Processing times and conditions
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Places to visit in Panama

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